What is meningitis?

Meningitis explained

Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord. Some bacteria that cause meningitis can also cause septicaemia* (blood poisoning)

Key facts about meningitis

• Meningitis can affect anyone of any age
• Meningitis can kill
• Meningitis can cause long-term after-effects
• Viral and bacterial are the most common causes of meningitis
• No vaccine provides 100% protection against meningitis
• Early signs and symptoms can appear similar to 'flu' or a stomach bug

Types of meningitis

Many different viruses, bacteria and fungi can cause meningitis. In the UK, viruses and bacteria are the most common causes.

Viral meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common cause of meningitis and for some can cause life-changing after-effects.

Bacterial meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is life-threatening and requires urgent medical attention. Many different bacteria can cause meningitis.

Meningococcal disease

Meningococcal disease is a life-threatening infection. It is the term used to describe two major illnesses – meningitis and septicaemia caused by meningococcal bacteria.

Symptoms of meningitis

Meningitis symptoms can appear in any order and some may not appear at all. Early symptoms of meningitis include fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle pain, stomach cramps and a fever with cold hands and feet.

Treatment for meningitis

Treatment for meningitis will depend on the cause. Those with suspected meningitis will need tests in hospital to confirm the diagnosis and determine the cause. Urgent antibiotic treatment is given when bacterial meningitis is suspected.